Watergate - 637 Words

Watergate Scandal Ever since the beginning of time, scandals have occurred. But one of the biggest and infamous scandals is the Watergate. Approximately forty years ago from date, a Watergate protector found a small portion of tape attached on the lock of on the National Democratic Headquarters door. Then it all began. The Watergate’s attempted break in was a part of a bigger operation by President Nixon. The rumor was Nixon’s supporters and people involved in the scandal wanted to tarnish the name of the Democratic parties. Democratic contenders were hassled and even two of National Democratic Headquarters were cracked into. When people became aware of the scandal, Nixon enclosed the issue. Even though the cover up was attempted,†¦show more content†¦Eventually, more hours of recorded discussions were found. These tapes displayed that Nixon was even more involved in the scandal than people believed. A recorded discussion in 1972 verified that Nixon and Hardeman communicated to try to hide the conspiracy from further investigation. After the whole Watergate incident other illegal events were also revealed. For example, ‘the plumbers’, a White House assembly, were doing everything in their power to prevent media from gathering information. Most of the media though did not understand the consequences of the Watergate scandal, so they focused on reporting on other things that were related to the 1972 election. After the exposure that one of the condemned intruders wrote to Judge, the media turned its focused. The popular magazine, Time Magazine, defined Nixon as experiencing daily hell and very little trust. Mainly everyone had a different perception of politics after this scandal, including America. There was a widespread public perception that the political process had been thoroughly corrupted, Robert Hockett says. Public policy seemed to be up for sale to the highest. Why reforms faltered Congress attempted to change that perception by passing laws that created a system of public financing for political campaigns. Disclosure laws were enacted to root out secret donors. Limits were placed on campaign donations and privateShow MoreRelatedWatergate Of The Watergate Scandal1135 Words   |  5 PagesWatergate Scandal The Watergate Scandal happened almost 43 years ago; the event will never be forgotten. The Watergate scandal defined, perhaps for the first time, that a president of the United States could be portrayed as untrustworthy. Richard Nixon ran for a second term in 1972, in which he won by a huge margin. The Democratic Party had their headquarters at the high-end Watergate hotel. The break-in happened on June 17th, 1972, in which a security guard noticed the tape on the door lockRead MoreWatergate643 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Student’s Name Professor Course Institution Date The Watergate Scandal was considered one of the most of disturbing political scandals in the history of America. This Scandal brought down a President and his administration, also made the American public distrust the government which still goes on today. In 1972 there were two break-ins at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate office and apartment complex located in WashingtonRead MoreWatergate670 Words   |  3 PagesVery few American’s over the age of 20 do not know about Watergate. They have seen the plots in movies, history books, TV shows, and Made for TV movies. Some of the media plots are real and some not so much. Contrary to popular belief â€Å"Forest Gump† was not the person to crack open Watergate [ (Groom, 1994) ]. That honor goes to a simple security guard at the Watergate Complex, Frank Wills [ (AHC, 2012) ]. Mr. Willis was making his rounds when he became aware of tape covering the locks on theRead MoreWatergate740 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Lucia San Nicolas HIS/145 October 19, 2011 Marciano Flores Watergate The Watergate scandal shocked millions of Americans when it was revealed in 1972. The president at that time was Richard M. Nixon, who himself was involved within the scandal. The Watergate scandal took place in 1972 when a group of five men broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington. The five men involved in this burglary were eventuallyRead MoreWatergate722 Words   |  3 Pagesstory of Watergate is both historically and politically interesting. It began to occur from the Pentagon Papers, in which Daniel Ellsberg handed over to the press. The Pentagon Papers contained secret documents outlining the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam (p.848).These secret documents would bring to light the deception of the the morning of June 17, 1972, at 2:30 a.m. 5 burglars were arrested inside the office of the Democratic National Committee, located inside of the Watergate buildingRead MoreWatergate3095 Words   |  13 Pages Running head: WATERGATE 1 WATERGATE DEVRY UNIVERSITY ONLINE. OCTOBER 20, 2014 WATERGATE 2 INTRODUCTION Watergate is a word that will forever be connected to the 37th President, Richard Nixon. What started out as a botched robbery at the Democratic Reelection headquarters would later become know for bringing down the Presidency. The American public would be able to see and hear firsthand what actually occurred in the Whitehouse behind closed doors, becauseRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal1543 Words   |  7 Pagestrustworthy – or so they thought. Unfortunately, shortly after Nixon was elected to his second term of presidency in 1972, the Watergate Scandal changed America forever by creating a sense of mistrust toward the government for the American people because of The Nixon Administration’s actions. It all began on Sunday, June 18, 1972 when Frank Wills, security guard at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., found a piece of tape that was preventing a door from locking. After removing the pieceRead MoreWatergate Complex After The Watergate1781 Words   |  8 Pagesin the Watergate complex after signs of breaking in were found on the doors. No one at that time knew this subtle crime would lead to the greatest scandal in the US history and the resignation of the current President, Richard Nixon. Evidences later showed that the Watergate Incident was only a mere part of the ugly crimes the Nixon Administration had committed to achieve their ultimate goal of reelection, and Nixon had intentionally attempted a cover up to save his reputation. The Watergate incidentRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal2082 Words   |  9 PagesThe Watergate Scandal Richard Milhous Nixon was the thirty-seventh President of the United States of America from 1969 until 1974. Nixon completed his first term as President in 1973 and was re-elected for the position for the next four years. However, Nixon would have his time in the White House cut short by the series of events that occurred in the twenty-six months that followed the Watergate burglary. On June 17, 1972 five men, one White House employee and four Cubans, broke into the WatergateRead MoreWatergate Scandal2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe Watergate Scandal Essay written by Unknown The Watergate Scandal was a series of crimes committed by the President and his staff, who were found to spied on and harassed political opponents, accepted illegal campaign contributions, and covered up their own misdeeds. On June 17, 1972, The Washington Post published a small story. In this story the reporters stated that five men had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Commi ttee. The headquarters was located in

Harry´s Buniness Venture Based on the Hunting Act 2004 Essay

In order for Harry’s business venture to be legally permitted he would have ensure that each time this event was to take place strict rules will be followed by all participants in order to completely comply with the law laid down in the Hunting Act 2004. Firstly Harry should be aware that section 1 of the Hunting act â€Å"Hunting wild mammals with dogs† states that â€Å"A person commits an offence if he hunts a wild mammal with a dog, unless his hunting is exempt.† From this Harry would need to determine whether Mink are in fact a wild mammal, this can be done by referring to section 11 sub-section 1 where under paragraphs (c) â€Å"a wild mammal which has escaped or been released from captivity or confinement,† and (d) â€Å"any mammal which is living†¦show more content†¦In order for harry to know if his activity will allow him to be exempt, section two â€Å"Exempt Hunting† subsection one says â€Å"Hunting is exempt if it is within a class specified in Schedule 1.† The main areas for harry to pay attention to in Schedule 1 are section 1 â€Å"Stalking a wild mammal, or flushing it out of cover, is exempt hunting if the conditions in this paragraph are satisfied.† We can see fr om what we are told about the Mink eating young birds from a nearby wildfowl centre and trout from a farmer’s trout farm. That Harrys activity will fall under section 2 â€Å"The first condition is that the stalking or flushing out is undertaken for the purpose Of† paragraph (a) â€Å"preventing or reducing serious damage which the wild mammal would otherwise cause† sub-paragraphs (ii) to game birds or wild birds (within the meaning of section 27 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c. 69))† and sub-paragraph (vi) to fisheries. With regards to the rest of Schedule 1 there are conditions that Harry

The Effectiveness Of Fines In Preserving Competition Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1437 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Competition is a public good and society does not expect the victims of anticompetitive conduct to protect themselves. Authorities remain on the forefront in enforcing rules and regulations prohibiting actions that restrain or are likely to restrain competition (Baker 2006). The Financial Service Authority (FSA) requires firms and their management to have systems and controls in place to ensure they submit accurate and timely data and/or information.   The FSA uses this information to: detect and investigate suspected market abuse, insider trading and market manipulation; identify market wide risks and have a comprehensive understanding of the activities of each firm. In September 2010, FSA fined the London-based firm Goldman Sachs International (GSI) a total of  £17.5 million for breaching trust. The fine relates to GSIs failure to ensure that it had in place adequate systems and controls to enable it to comply with its UK regulatory reporting obligat ions. The FSA investigation found that GSI defective systems and controls compromise the level and quality of its communications with the FSA. GSI co-operation with FSA and agreeing to settle at an early stage qualified it for a 30% discount. Without the discount the fine would have been  £25 million. (FSA Press Release GSI Case) Also in April 2010, the FSA fined three firms a total of  £4.2m for failing to provide accurate and timely transaction reports to the FSA. The three firms were Credit Suisse ( £1.75m fine), Getco Europe Limited ( £1.4m) and Instinet Europe Limited ( £1.05m).   Credit Suisse is a bank, Getco is a market maker trading on electronic markets, and Instinet is an agency broker. The firms cooperated fully with the FSA in the course of the investigations and agreed to settle at an early stage thereby each firm qualified for a 30% discount. Without the discounts the total fines would have amounted to a  £6m (FSA Press Release Case 2). The ca ses focus on sharing of valuable transactions information. Emphasis is not only on transparency but also quality and timeliness of the information. These define crucial features of market structure that influence competition and potentially anti-competitive actions in markets. According to the efficient market hypothesis, it is assumed that in efficient markets, price reflects all available information. Holding firms accountable for enhancement of transparency is desirable for industry competition as it suppresses actions that restrain or are likely to restrain competition. The actions include collusion, parallel pricing, predatory pricing, limit pricing, harmful mergers, abuse of dominant position, and arrangements intended to monopolize. Besanko et al (2010) observe that when transactions are public, deviations from competition rules are easier to detect than when they are covert. It is also important to note that industry competition is not only price competition, but also inv olves quality competition. Product quality affects consumer decisions and firms strategies. If consumers are uninformed, this may result in the adverse selection and lemons problems in the market. Other key highlights from the cases are (a) the problem of incomplete contract- though GSI knew that one of its UK traders was under United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation for allegedly defrauding investors, FSA was not aware. And as a result of asymmetric information, that staff approved by FSA in November 2008 to trade. (b) the importance of international cooperation in enforcement of completion rules, had the SEC and FSA been sharing vital information on matters of mutual interest FSA would have not approved the said trader; and (c) the need of an effective compliance monitoring system firms even established ones like GSI cannot be relied on to comply. Fines, unlike damages which are meant to penalize the violations, are meant for deterrence purposes . Wils (2005) argues that the imposition of fines can contribute in three ways to the prevention of competition rules violations: through deterrent effects, through moral effects, and by raising the cost of violations. But the vital question is, are these fines large enough for deterrence purposes? Are they proportionate to the crimes? Considering the GSI fine, as Prately commented, it was a trifling sum by the banks standards; nobody at Goldman Sachs went hungry as a result of the  £17.5m fine. However, the public revelation of such defective corporate controls hurts more. Langus and Motta (2007) present empirical evidence that news of such penalties decreases the firms market value due to noise on stock market prices as stock markets react to the news (firms share prices are often very responsive even to minor events). The key issue in these fines is setting fines that are large enough to discourage prospective violators. How large is optimal is a question that needs furth er research and debate. However, it is important that optimal fines be the minimum fines necessary to discourage violations. In addition Mottaa (2007) emphasizes that possible economic costs associated with large fines such as leading the firm to close or downsize its operations; leading a firm to dispose off its assets; reducing the financial asset available to the firm, which in turn may decrease its ability to borrow from financial markets and a possibility to pursue profitable investments should be considered in setting up fines. Wils (2005) points out that fines which exceed the firms ability to pay would lead to bankruptcy. A successful strategy that deters violations is one which penalizes the violators and effectively discourages the prospective violations (the firm must perceive that its expected net gain from violations is lower than its expected cost). Wils (2005) argues that because of overconfidence bias, prospective offenders are likely to overestimate the gain and underestimate the probability of detection and punishment. Therefore, a necessary condition for deterrence to work is that the expected fine, discounted for the probability of detection and punishment, should exceed the gain which the offender expected to obtain from the violation. Connor (2002) observes that though fines have a deterrent effect on violations, they are not sufficient to effectively preserve competition. Other additional ways need to be incorporated including: Introduction of criminal penalties for the executives found guilty of violations (Motta 2007). This provides a very strong deterrent as the risk averse managers would find it very risky to engage in anticompetitive actions. This will also address the principal-agency problem. The managers (agents) may engage in violations which may not be the objectives of the firm owners. But since it is the shareholders (principals) that eventually pay the fine, the managers may not care. It also explains why the (i) senio r staff at GSI did not pass information about the staff in the centre of the case on to the UK authorities despite knowing that the said staff had been accused of serious breaches of U.S. laws; (ii) Despite repeated reminders from the FSA during the course of 2007 and 2008, none of the 3 firms in the second case carried out regular reviews of its data to prevent the breaches. Promotion of the private actions for damages: add damages recognized to consumers to the fines firms have to pay, thereby increasing deterrence for instance, the USA case involving vitamins conspirators, who to date have made direct payments amounting to more than $1 billion to victimized buyers (Baker 2006). Additional ways include the use of leniency programs to increase the probability that violators will be uncovered (Leniency programs may lead to prosecutions of violators that may otherwise have remained secret and possibly in operation). Also introduction of administrative fines and director disqual ification for managers to align personal incentives with firms decisions. And promoting (forcing where necessary) the diffusion of competition compliance programmes and the code of conduct in firms. The main criticism of the fines in the literature is that they force firms into bankruptcy and that they are eventually paid by the consumer through higher prices for further research. These need further research before conclusion is done about them. In conclusion, fines are important and necessary in deterrence of violations of competition rules, even though, they alone are not sufficient in promotion of competition in the industry concerned. Successful preservation of competition calls for inclusion of other ways in addition to fines. The setting up of fines also should take into consideration of the magnitude of the offence, economic implications and nature of firm. I agree with Baker (2006) that the possibility to impose high fines is limited by inability to pay, by the social and economic costs of high fines, and by requirements of proportional justice. To avoid a deterioration of the market structure as a result of the imposition of fines, where high fines are imposed and where there is a significant difference in the ability to pay of the various offenders, the amount of the fines imposed on the different firms should be differentiated so as to reflect their respective ability to pay. (1,486 words) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effectiveness Of Fines In Preserving Competition Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the...

In this case study I was asked six question the first one was,Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? While this case is literally full of negative aspects, we will only focus on the main points for both arguments. Pharmaceutical companies want to be sure that the products they spend years and millions of dollars to create are not easily reproduced and sold at discount prices. The profits pharmaceuticals make of their patented products are supposed to refinance new research. So taking away their exclusive distribution rights and allowing other manufacturers to just copy the product and sell it at†¦show more content†¦Discounted prices make political, economic, and, most importantly, moral sense. Although ninety-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries, the impact of this epidemic is global. In South Africa, where one in four adults are living with the disease, HIV/AIDS means almost certain death for those infected. In developed countries however, the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has meant HIV/AIDS is treated as a chronic condition rather than a killer disease. In developing countries like South Africa, the drugs that allow people to live with the disease elsewhere in the world, are simply too expensive for individuals and governments to afford at market price. Drug prices are set by pharmaceutical companies to cover research and development costs. While RD costs clearly need to be covered, markets in developed countries already pay for most RD of new products. Because of this, it makes moral and economical sense to establish a two-tiered pricing system; for RD costs to be paid for by developed countries, allowing significantly reduced p rices to be charged in developing countries. Pharmaceutical companies had been reluctant to provide drugs to developing countries at reduced prices because of concerns around distributing drugs in unregulated and unreliable environments. They argued that this could create new drug-resistantShow MoreRelatedPharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global Aids Epidemic2557 Words   |  11 PagesIBUS 3312 - International Management Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic Analysis While this case is literally full of negative aspects, we will only focus on the main points for both arguments. Pharmaceutical companies want to be sure that the products they spend years and millions of dollars to create are not easily reproduced and sold at discount prices. The profits pharmaceuticals make of their patented products are supposed to refinanceRead MorePharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property935 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #1 â€Å"Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic† Questions for Review: 1. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving drugs for free versus offering them at low no-profit prices? -I don’t necessarily think that they have the â€Å"responsibility† to do so but I thinkRead MorePharmaceutical Companies2392 Words   |  10 Pagesa lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies, intellectual property, and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate change orRead MoreGlaxosmithkline and Aids Drugs for Africa1195 Words   |  5 PagesGlaxoSmithKline and AIDS Drugs for Africa What comes to mind when you hear the words â€Å"pharmaceutical company†? There are many ways to define a pharmaceutical company. According to the Princeton review, a pharmaceutical company is a drug company that makes and sells pharmaceuticals. Another definition for a pharmaceutical company is an industry that develops, produces, and markets drugs licensed for use as generic and/or brand medications. These companies are subject to a variety of laws andRead MoreThe Doha Rounds Trade Negotiations 976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Doha round’s trade negotiations over intellectual property have been long and arduous. After more than a decade there is still no agreement over the extent of patent protection that should be afforded to pharmaceuticals. The shadow of the future adds additional complications, as the involved parties have no reason to settle now, when they can wait and hope for more favorable terms in the future. Despite this looming threat, the future holds promise for a drug access settlement. As technologyRead MoreEthical Justification For Providing Life Saving Medicines2109 Words   |  9 Pagesdilemmas that pharmaceutical companies face. Many countries urge pharmaceutical companies to set priorities for the common good of the people, instead of just the citizens who can gain access or afford expensive treatments. The companies also have a duty to the shareholders of the company, especially in recouping the money that has been spent on the research. If a company does patent its HIV/AIDS drug then they protect it from being common knowledge and avoid losing an edge over other companies, not toRead MoreThe Glbal Phamaceutical Industry1609 Words   |  7 Pages20101233 : 19852274 Assignment Title : The Global Pharmaceutical Industry. Date : 10 March 2012 Programme : BTECH-MANAGEMENT IV Question 1 Identify the main environmental forces currently affecting the global pharmaceutical industry? PESTEL analysis of the global pharmaceutical industry: Political * Governments set stringent regulation and is a powerful purchaser. * Governments around the world focus on pharmaceuticals as a politically easy target in their effortsRead MoreAnglo American Plc And South Afric What Do When Costs Reach Epidemic Proportions?1831 Words   |  8 PagesCLOSING CASE: Anglo American PLC in South Africa: What Do You Do When Costs Reach Epidemic Proportions? Anglo American PLC is the fourth largest mining conglomerate in the world. It currently operates in 45 countries. The original company, Anglo American Corp. of South Africa, was founded in 1917. The company is now headquartered in London. It is also the largest producer of gold in the world as well as it owns 85% of DeBeers, the world’s largest diamond producer. Anglo American’s South AfricanRead MoreTrips Have Been Adopted with a View to Encourage Fair Competiotion at International Level4173 Words   |  17 PagesOF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ECON 1102 REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS OF THE WORD ECONOMY Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (Trips) Have Been Adopted With A View To Encourage Fair Competition At The International Level, But Trips Rules Tilt The Balance In Favour Of Imperfect Competition With Each Country And Exacerbates International Inequalities. (Discussion With Reference To Pharmaceutical Industry) Name of Lecturer : Rajendran K S Name of Student : Nilesh Singh DateRead MoreTrips Have Been Adopted with a View to Encourage Fair Competiotion at International Level4181 Words   |  17 PagesMASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ECON 1102 REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS OF THE WORD ECONOMY Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (Trips) Have Been Adopted With A View To Encourage Fair Competition At The International Level, But Trips Rules Tilt The Balance In Favour Of Imperfect Competition With Each Country And Exacerbates International Inequalities. (Discussion With Reference To Pharmaceutical Industry) Name of Lecturer : Rajendran K S Name of Student : Nilesh Singh Date

Safe State vs. Swing State Free Essays

Ben Mason Eng. 1001 sect. 38 9/26/12 The Voting Playground: Play it safe? Or swing? This is a concern that arises for presidential candidates every four years as we approach presidential elections. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe State vs. Swing State or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, there are two terms to be recognized: â€Å"safe state† and â€Å"swing state†. In a â€Å"safe state† the presidential candidate of a particular party has the vast majority of support of that state’s voters, regularly, so that he/she can safely assume the favorable outcome of the state’s electoral college votes. Some ell-known safe states are California for democrats, and Texas for republicans. On the contrary, there are states that are not like safe states and no single candidate or party has overwhelming support of the votes. These are called â€Å"swing states† or â€Å"battleground states†. Some examples of swing states of this election are Florida, Iowa, Colorado, and others. In the voting world, the president is decided through representative votes by the states. This is called the electoral college. A presidential candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win the election. For 48 states, it is a inner-takes-all election wh ich means that whichever candidate receives a majority of the popular vote, or a plurality of the popular vote (less than 50 percent but more than any other candidate), takes all of the state’s electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska are the only states that use a proportional vote system. In these states, there could be a split of electoral votes among candidates. (Dugan) The electoral college plays a huge role on the topic of safe states and swing states by effecting the behaviors of presidential candidates. For instance, safe states that re known to vote a certain way will not receive near as much attention or campaigning as swing states during the times close to elections. This is why candidates fight over swing states that may only have as little as 4 electoral votes, instead of fighting for states with a lot more. (Dugan) An example of this would be Romney and Obama spending large amounts of money campaigning in a swing state such as Iowa with 7 electoral votes and very lit tle in a safe state like California with 55 electoral votes. (Politico) Candidates do not put a lot of effort into afe states because it is unlikely that he/she can change the minds of the people there. Also, one will not spend time and money campaigning in safe states because he/she may already have the support of the people in those states. As you can see, the electoral college is key to understanding how safe states and swing states work. There is a kind of two party dictatorship in today’s American politics and the vast majority of voters fall into these two categories or parties: Republican or Democratic. Every election period there are two candidates unning for these parties. In order for the candidate to get the vote of a particular state he/she must run a campaign. The aggressiveness and frequency of the campaigns might vary due to the status of a party’s influence over certain states. Sometimes the candidates have to modify there stance or ideals on certain is sues to fit to that particular state. An example would be that some candidates may want to position themselves to appeal to a certain ethnic group of that area. Obama has tried to appeal to the Hispanic vote in Colorado due to the growing umber of Hispanic immigrants. (Larcinese) This may be a smart move because he is usually popular among minority groups. In return, Romney has tried to address people in rural areas. Recent polls show that he is 14 percent more popular with people in rural areas than Obama is. (Gruber) Also, issues that are a big concern in an area may be emphasized. Things like restoring the health of a declining ecosystem may be brought up in an area that is suffering from deforestation or pollution to secure the votes of people concerned about that subject. Other factors play into campaigning in swing states as well. Many times instead of stretching the truth, a candidate will just neglect to bring up the matter, whatever it may be. The sensitive issues of a certain state might be avoided in order to sound better on a vague level. Slogans are made short and vague for this reason to get anyone to jump on the band wagon. Making the issues fit the political views of the people in a certain area or background is imperative to getting favorable votes. Candidates do whatever it takes to look good or appeal to people. This sometimes means mud-slinging or making the opposing candidate look bad. This has been going on since the beginning of presidential runoffs. A great example of this would be â€Å"Romney’s war on women† as said by Obama because of Mitt Romney’s stance on issues for women. This gives the allusion that Romney doesn’t care about women’s health issues so that Obama would be favorable to women. (Politico) In return, Mitt Romney has attacked Obama’s healthcare plan saying that Obama wont cover people with preexisting conditions. This is an ongoing thing that will never stop. There will always be differences in views that candidates will trash each other with. There are a vast array of ways to advertise to capture the hearts and minds of would-be voters. The key to it all is appealing to the people that have the most stake in the situation and convincing them to vote a certain way to decide the victor of the presidential race. As you can see, the role of swing states and safe state are crucial to how things are done and the way that American politics play out. Works Cited Larcinese, Valentino. â€Å"Allocating the U. S. Federal Budget to the States. The Journal of Politics. Wiley Library. , 27 Apr 2006. Web. Vol. 68 May 2006 Gruber, Jonathan. â€Å"Rural Favor and Polls† Hastings Center Report. Wiley Library. , 8 Feb 2012. , Sep,Oct 2006 Politico. org. , â€Å"News, Analysis, Candidates, and Polls. † Real Clear Polls. Swing state view. , Sep 26 2012 archive. fairvote. org/e_college. htm. , â€Å"Maine and Nebraska. † â€Å"Center fo r voting and Democracy. †, copyright 2002. , Dec 10 2009 Dugan, Andrew. Gallup. com/poll/swingstate. htm. , â€Å"Swing State Voters. † Washington D. C. , â€Å"Race Track 2012† Sep 9 2012 How to cite Safe State vs. Swing State, Essay examples

Process in Natural Resource and Environmental †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Process in Natural Resource and Environmental. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this paper is to provide brief overview about the consumer buying behavior which influence the decision making process. Furthermore, it explains the business activities and operations of Tiffany Company which renders personal accessories, leather goods and jewelry to the consumers globally. In today era, the firm is increasing its profit and revenue by providing attractive and unique jewelry to people in the market. Furthermore, it describes five stages of consumer decision making process. Also, it explains that how motivation, personality/self concept, perception, risks and attitudes active in CDMP stages. On the other hand, it depicts that how situational factors influence consumer decision making process. Tiffany company is an American luxury jewelry retailer and its headquarter is located in New York city. The company sells crystal, water bottles, sterling silver, jewelry, fragrances, china, leather goods and personal accessories. The firm is known for its luxury goods and it is specially known for its sterling silver jewelry and diamond. Tiffany co. was incorporated in 1837 by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young. Consumer behavior plays a critical role in the organization in order to increase and enhance the sale in the global market. Thus, understanding of consumer behavior is important for any organization before introducing a new product in the market. If the company failed to analyze and measure the behavior of consumer, the firm will face loses. Therefore, consumer behavior is significant to become successful in the world. Studying consumer behavior is also important to decide prices of the products which have been sold by the company. It helps to make quick decisions in the competitive market. Tiffany Company analyzes the behavior of consumers in order to increase demand of the products such as jewelry, and personal accessories. The target market of the organization includes gift givers, gift receivers and affluent self buyers. The company is more concerned about the choices, demands and preferences of the target market. The sale of the firm depends on the income level of the consumers. The consumers who belong to specific target market, they are accessible and measurable. They are quantifiable in terms of the income, age bracket and population. Furthermore, consumers are responsive in the market. These are the characteristics of the key target customers. There are five stages of consumer decision making process which help to make quick decisions (Wang and Pizam, 2011). The five stages include problem/need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions and post purchase behavior. All these stages help to increase and enhance the profits and revenue of Tiffany company in the global market. The firm also maintains high standards and policies to conducts business activities and operations successfully. Five stages of consumer decision making process The marketers are responsible for selling the goods and services in the market so they must have knowledge that how the consumers actually make their buying decisions. Consumer decision making process refers to the process of verifying and identifying the decisions making of the consumers by the marketers and leaders as well (Solomon et al, 2014). The five stages of the consumer decision making process have been discussed below. Need recognition: CDMP starts with need recognition of the consumers. Therefore, marketers should identify the needs and requirements of the consumers and they should understand how these needs and desires can be satisfied. Needs and requirements are the important point of the all buying decisions. Determining the wants, desires and wants of the customers provide support to enormous marketing decisions. Information search: It is the second stage of the consumer decision making process. Under this stage, consumer search and collect information about the products either from friends, family, whole seller, retailers, neighborhood, dealers and advertisements. Furthermore, consumers evaluate and analyze the positive and negative phases of the purchase. By collecting enormous information, consumers are able to make better purchase decisions in the global market. Tiffany company uses consumer decision making process in order to beat the competitors globally. Evaluation of alternatives: In consumer decision making process, evaluation of alternatives of alternatives comes at third number. After collecting the essential knowledge and information about the products, the consumers analyze the various alternatives on the basis of its quality, features and desires. This stage helps the consumers to choose the best products available in the market on the basis of their taste, preference, income and style (Tzeng and Huang, 2011). Purchase decision: After analyzing the alternatives consumers buy the suitable products. However, sometimes there are chances to postpone the buying decision due to various reasons. In this condition, the marketers shall try to find out the reasons and try to eliminate them either by providing enough information to the customers or by giving them guarantee regarding the products. Post purchase behavior: It is the final stage of consumer decision making process which helps to satisfy the consumers. This stage depends on the satisfaction of the customers. This stage can be used to evaluate and analyze the satisfaction level of the customers globally. If customers feel that the product and service are delivering the value and has met the expectations and requirements then they will become the loyal and faithful customers of the company (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). In this way it can be said that CDMP process helps to increase and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the marketing plan and it also helps to gain better results in the rivalry market (Hoyer and Stokburger-Sauer, 2012). There are various psychological factors such as needs motivation, personality self concept, perception, risks and attitudes which may active in the five stages of the CDMP. The first stage of the consumer decision making process is recognition and thus, the motivations and needs of the target customers may become active in this stage. Under this stage, marketers and sellers identify and analyze the needs, desires and wants of the consumers therefore, it motivates and encourages consumers to buy the products of the company. The consumers are not able to buy the products without motivation. The consumer motivation shows the drive to satisfy both the psychological and physiological needs through consumption and purchase. Along with this, personality active in the fourth stage purchase decision. Personality is tiger point to make effective decisions within the organization. Personality traits include friendliness, self confidence, individualism, compulsiveness, adaptability, introversion, dogmatism, competitiveness, extroversion and aggressiveness (Freling and Forbes, 2013). These factors influence the behavior of people in the market. There is a close relationship between consumer purchasing decision and personality. For this purpose, generally products are created by considering the personality traits. The marketers believe that personality factors affect consumer decision making process. Apart from this, self concept also plays a significant role in buying decision. Self concept helps to increase the self awareness. Self concept comprises various factors such as social self, ideal self, perceived self and apparent self. In addition, self image and self esteem are the significant part of the self co ncept which influences the consumer buying behavior. If people have a low esteem, they are unable to make unique purchase decisions. On the other hand, if people having a high esteem then consumers become successful in the global market (De Mooij and Hofstede, 2011). Perception refers to the awareness. To get customers attention is not sufficient to get success and growth in the global market. It is customers perception which leads them to buy the product of the firm. Apart from this, perception helps to find out the enormous information and knowledge about the new products (Betsch and Haberstroh, 2014). Tiffany is a luxury jewelry company which sells jewelry products to the consumers. Different people keep different perception in the minds while buying the diamonds and jewelry. The consumers cannot buy the product without gaining the right and appropriate information about the product and service. They can collect information from various ways. Perception helps to retain the customers because they get all the information related to new product (Vivek, Beatty and Morgan, 2012). On the other hand, risk and attitude associate with the third stage of consumer decision making process. The consumers evaluate and measure the quality and features of pro ducts while buying the product in the market. They cannot purchase the product without evaluating the quality, and characteristics of the product. The consumers should have ability to understand and learn information related to product. Moreover, they should maintain positive attitude while analyzing the various alternatives that are available in the market. Attitude is a persons like and dislikes feeling something. It is also said to be a judgment. Jewelry and diamond has gained positive attitude of the consumers. Product risk and market risk are active while analyzing the product globally (Kumar and Petersen, 2012). Situational factors that influence CDMP Situational factors are considered the integral part of the CDMP. These factors also known as external factors which influence the consumer buying behavior that have been discussed below. Social factors: Consumers wants, motives, learning etc. are affected by opinion, reference groups, social class, persons family and culture. All these elements play an important role in consumer decision making process (Buunk, Gibbons and Buunk, 2013). Social factors also influence the consumers attitudes and perceptions through their own attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, people who are efficiently involved in the service delivery can help customers through the decision making process. It also helps in making good image in the global market (Muruganantham and Bhakat, 2013). Personal factors: Personal factors are those factors which are unique and dynamic to the consumers. These factors include sex, age, gender and demographics etc. These factors affect the consumer decision making process. Apart from this, economic situation of the buyer also influence the CDMP. Cultural factors: These factors also play an important role in the consumer decision making process. Cultural factors include beliefs, perception, values and attitude of the consumers of the country. Every nation should focus on its culture in order to maximize the productivity and performance of the organization. Price of the promotional programs and product should be appropriate for the target populations culture. Tiffany company is fully aware of the cultural aspects of the each and every country (Tomalin and Stempleski, 2013). Psychological factors: There are various psychological factors that influence the consumer buying behavior very strongly. These factors include motivation, learning, experience, perception, attitude and beliefs (Maslach and Jackson, 2013). All these factors also active in the certain stage of the consumer decision making process. It is essential to understand and evaluate the situational factors which help in controlling the consumer buying process (Schmoldt et al, 2013). Advertising, brand, psychological, social and age influence the consumer needs and desires to large extent. Situational analysis is also important to implement the effective and unique marketing strategy within the organization. Motivation helps to fulfill the needs, requirements and wants of the customers. Therefore, Psychological factors are activating the internal requirements, needs and wants of the consumers. Motivation also helps to attain the desired goals and objectives (Schmoldt et al, 2013). On the other hand, personal factors encompass financial situations, lifestyle and self concept. Different self concept and perception influence the pattern of the consumers in the global market. Now it is assumed that situational factors active in the st ages of the consumer decision making process. Tiffany company needs to control on these factors to overcome the competitors in the world. It also helps to gain competitive advantages in the universal market (Tukej, Golob and Podnar, 2013). Along with this, various motivational theories are initiated by the firm to inspire and encourage people for buying the new products (Oliver, 2014). In addition, the company uses advertisement campaigns and promotional programs to analyze and identify the requirements and needs of the customers. Consumers preferences depend on the age and choices of the consumers. Moreover, situational analysis helps to differentiate Tiffany company products from the other products that are available in the market (Sheth, 2011). Key recommendations There are various recommendations have been given in order to facilitate/influence the target consumers to purchase and become satisfied with the selected brand which have been discussed below. The company should measure and analyze the external environment to identify the choices, needs and requirements of the target market. It will help to reduce market risks and the firm can beat the competitors in the international market. Along with this, marketers should make reciprocal relationship with customers to maximize the sale of the firm. Effective and unique promotional programs shall be conducted by the marketers in order to make easy decision making process. In addition, potential customers shall be identified on the basis of age, gender, income level, family size, religion, race, occupation, marital status and education level. Moreover, effective and unique marketing strategies and policies must be used by Tiffany company to attract target market in the world. Tiffany company should provide right and appropriate information and knowledge about the product and service to attract more and more customers in the competitive market. Marketers should fix appropriate prices of the products to attract middle class and lower class people in the world. Apart from this, they should provide right and enough information to the customers related to product quality, quantity and features. It will help to make unique decision making process. Tiffany should identify and evaluate the current marketing trends and lifestyle of the customers in order to satisfy them. In this way, they feel happy and customers will buy the products easily. Marketers measure and evaluate the several factors that influence the decision making process of consumer. It will help to increase outcomes and returns of the firm. Tiffany company should provide post purchase services to the customers in order to analyze the satisfaction level of customers globally. It will help to increase loyal and faithful customers in the international market. Moreover, the firm must analyze the plans, policies and strategies of the competitors to increase and enhance the profitability across the world. In this way, the organization can satisfy the consumers with the selected brand. Additionally, consumer decision making process must be initiated by each and every organization to purchase the products of the company. Conclusion On the above mentioned analysis, it has been concluded that Tiffany company is a holding firm which operates and manages through its subsidiary companies. It offers jewelry and personal accessories to customers across the world. The firm also engages in manufacturing, product design and retaining activities. The company directly supplies the diamond and jewelry to customers all over the world. On the other hand, consumer decision making process plays an integral role in Tiffany company to increase and enhance the returns of the firm. Five stages of CDMP have been explained in the task. These stages also influence motivation, need, self concept, perception, risk and attitudes of people. Various situational factors also affect the CDMP. Apart from this, various recommendation have been given to improve and enhance the decision making process of consumers. References Betsch, T. and Haberstroh, S. eds., 2014.The routines of decision making. Psychology Press. Brandtiffany and co. wordpress. 2018. Market segmentation. [Online]. Available at: https://brandtiffanyandco.wordpress.com/market-segmentation/ [Accessed as on 25th march 2018]. Buunk, B.P., Gibbons, F.X. and Buunk, A. eds., 2013.Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory. Psychology Press. De Mooij, M. and Hofstede, G., 2011. Cross-cultural consumer behavior: A review of research findings.Journal of International Consumer Marketing,23(3-4), pp.181-192. Freling, T.H. and Forbes, L.P., 2013. An empirical analysis of the brand personality effect.Journal of Product Brand Management. Hoyer, W.D. and Stokburger-Sauer, N.E., 2012. The role of aesthetic taste in consumer behavior.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.167-180. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011. Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Kumar, V. and Petersen, J.A., 2012. Customer relationship management (pp. 1-10). John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E., 2013. A social psychological analysis.Social psychology of health and illness,227. Muruganantham, G. and Bhakat, R.S., 2013. A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), p.149. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. and Pesonen, M. eds., 2013.The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. and Pesonen, M. eds., 2013.The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Sheth, J.N. ed., 2011.Models of buyer behavior: conceptual, quantitative, and empirical. Marketing Classics Press. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Tomalin, B. and Stempleski, S., 2013.Cultural Awareness-Resource Books for Teachers. Oxford University Press. Tukej, U., Golob, U. and Podnar, K., 2013. The role of consumerbrand identification in building brand relationships.Journal of business research,66(1), pp.53-59. Tzeng, G.H. and Huang, J.J., 2011.Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. CRC press. Vivek, S.D., Beatty, S.E. and Morgan, R.M., 2012. Customer engagement: Exploring customer relationships beyond purchase.Journal of marketing theory and practice,20(2), pp.122-146. Wang, Y. and Pizam, A. eds., 2011. Destination marketing and management (3rd ed., pp.47-98). Theories and applications. Cabi.

Johns Interesting Career Essay Example For Students

Johns Interesting Career Essay John Perreault is a musician who lives in Upstate, NY. He started appreciating music at an early age. Banging on pots-and-pans, singing. His grandfather, who was a professional musician, and my supportive parents, drove his interest in music. He was always in chorus. Then when the time came, he took up the bass in fourth grade. He quit the bass playing after three years and didnt do anything musical. He took a few music classes, but played nothing on the side. Then his grandfather passed away in 94. After his funeral, he felt like he had let him down. This event was the turning point in his life. He took up guitar later that year and wasnt too sure of the future. Its every young musicians dream to be famous to some degree; the only problem is finding your niche. His father, the following Christmas, gave him a mandolin. It sat in his room for several months and collected dust. And in the following years, he picked up a bass, sitar, didgeridoo, and some other instruments. It wasnt until his War and Civilization class that his career as a musician started. He had to do a Civil War music presentation. With the help of Mike Yates, a family friend, who reenacts Civil War music. Following the presentation, Mike Yates asked him if he was interested in working with his band The NYS 77th Regimental Balladeers. He agreed and its been a wild time. The groups goal is the reproduction of the music of the era and the history of the Civil War. The group consisted of John Quinn and Mike. They liked the idea of having a multi-instrumentalist on board, especially a mandolinist. He spent two weeks learning the instrument, and now he was hired because of it. Two months went by and they had our first show at Caf Lenas, where a young Bob Dylan, Arlo Guthurie, and several other famous musicians had once played. It went well, although he was nervous the whole time. They played to a full house; people were standing along the back wall and by the stairwell. He was starting to wonder why all these people came. They added a violinist a few months later and recorded their first album, Somebodys Darling. They toured that summer promoting it and ended up playing in Gettysburg, P.A., under contract from the U.S. Park Service. They played in several museums, auditoriums, small venues, and reenactments in New York that summer. Another nice thing was the paychecks. The following year was even more hectic. He played in Proctors Theater in Schenectady, NY, which was incredible. The crowd was about 1500 people and they were on the front page of the Times Union. His grandfather had played there before, so it was an emotional experience for him. They cut another album in May and June. This took so much time and energy. He spent up to eight hours in the studio. They had a lot of problems with this album, but in the end of June, Reflections was released. It had a more professional sound then our first album and cost about several thousand more. They toured to support i t through the whole summer, playing in New York mainly, but also in Pennsylvania and Virginia. It was almost the rock and roll experience, with all expenses paid and nice hotel rooms, but the road takes a lot out of you. He prefers to stay close to home. The future of the 77th is being planned now. They recorded a live album in Windham, NY, for release this spring, and theyre also planning a tour of Ireland and England for 2002. It has been only 3 years now with them, but after this last album and tour, it feels like more years have passed. Hes looking forward to the nice five-month break. This isnt his only group, just the one that pays the bills. Hes currently in three other groups that perform in the Capital region. Chicos Groove, is a humorous funk/metal band that gets together a few months a year. It was my high school band that didnt really do much. in terms of gigs. They appeared on a compilation CD, Happily Ever After: Benefit for Childrens Cancer Research.Pluvialus, a world /neo-baroque/avant-garde trio, showcases original compositions by its members. They perform covers of classical pieces and also an avant-garde rendition of Edgar Allen Poes Pit and the Pendulum.His other group is Cold Harbor, a Celtic/folk group. This group is composed of the Civil War band members minus one. He also performed with The Gypsy Rose Theater Company over the summer for their performance of As you like it. In addition, he does sessions and fills in for various groups when needed. Its fun to be a hired gun, although its not for long term usually. Being a musician isnt always great. The pay is about $25+ per hour. Union members and more popular groups start much higher. Jobs arent always available and the competition is fierce. Being versatile and proficient on several instruments is helpful. The more styles you can play, the more jobs youll get. Like being an artist or an actor, you have got to be able to stick out from others in the crowd. Patience, skill, and determinat ion are a must in this field. In reality, musicians all have day jobs. Hes a college student when hes not on the road, working on a degree in history/secondary education with music minor. Hes constantly practicing scales, composing, and learning new material to better his playing. You can never practice too much; he doesnt practice enough. What keeps him going is his love of music; hes determined to do something he loves regardless of the pay. Hes just looking for another job to pay for his career. Bibliography: