The Inspector in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestly Essay -- An Inspe

The Inspector in An Inspector Calls Examine the function and symbolism of the Inspector in the play – An Inspector Calls, and explain how Priestly makes him dramatically effective Throughout the play ‘An Inspector Calls’, by J.B Priestley, the audience sees the role of a mysterious investigator who interrogates a powerful and upper-middle class family: The Birling's. Priestley uses the role of the Inspector to expose the characters in the play, and to put his own views across about the Birling’s and their conservative beliefs. The play was written in 1946 and set in the spring of 1912. This means that the audience would have known the future events (the two world wars). Therefore they are in a position to judge the characters beliefs. At the start of the play, Priestley describes the Dining room, in which all of the acts in the play take place. He writes, ‘the dining room of a fairly large suburban house, belonging to a prosperous manufacturer. It has good solid furniture of the period. The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not cosy and homelike’. This tells the audience that the Birling’s are wealthy as they live in a presumably large and expensive house. It also shows that the setting of the play is very formal by saying that the effect of the room is not cosy and homelike. The description of the furniture acts as a metaphor for the family, being ‘solid’ and not loving and affectionate. Priestley writes that before the Inspector enters the lighting, ‘should be pink and intimate’, and that once the Inspector does enter the light should be brighter and harder. Priestly has written this to try and show that no one can hide secrets under the spotlight, and to try and portray ... ...e reality. They stand there guiltily as the play draws to a close. Throughout the play ‘An Inspector Calls’, JB Priestley uses the role of the inspector to try and show how the rich can abuse their position and how community should be respected so that all people can be treated equally. The inspector plays the role of a Freudian analyst, in the sense that he gets people to reveal their inner motivations that are hidden even to themselves. The inspector shows how everyone should live, and we should all respect and value one another. It is not important that he was not a real inspector; he was an example set for everyone to follow. Through the inspector we have been shown Priestley's beliefs on honesty, equality and being just. The inspector has shown that everyone lives in one big community, so we should treat one another with the respect they deserve.

Sir John A. Macdonald Essay -- Canadian History

Sir John A. Macdonald Sir John A. Macdonald was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on January 10, 1815. His fathers name was Hugh Macdonald and his mothers name was Helen Shaw. His father had migrated to Glasgow from the town of Dornach. His father was a very pleasant and easy going guy and he alwasys wanted to make everyhting better but he usually made things worst. He was a man that had lots of friends, he would talk a lot and drink too. His mother came from Spey Vally. His mother was a very smart girl, she was like the opposite of his father. His mother and father got married on 1811, and after 8 years they had 5 children, the eldest child died and after John was the eldest. In Glasgow his fathers business wansn't doing that good and he thought that if they would move to upper Canada they would have a better life there. So finally in 1820 they sailed to upper Canada. They arrived at Kingston in mid July, and John was only five years old. When he arrived his thought about Scotland just disapeard. The M acdonald family decided to stay in Kingston. Sir John A. only went to school untill 1829, when he was only 15. His parents couldn't afford to send him to University. He says that if had went to University he wouldn't have went into politics. When he turned 15 Sir John A. articled to a Kingston lawyer, George Mackenzie, so he was learining Law. In 1832 Mackenzie opened a branch office where he put Macdonald in charge of it. Later on he had taken over another law practice i...

Asthma Essay -- essays research papers fc

Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable air to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death. Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an inflammation of the airways, but the term is also used to refer to cardiac asthma, which develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complication of heart failure. This article focuses on bronchial asthma. More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma causes nearly 5,500 deaths each year. Asthma occurs in males and females of all ages, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic levels. For reasons not completely understood, asthma is generally more common in poor urban neighborhoods, in cold climates, and in industrialized countries. Among all Americans, the prevalence of asthma increased more than 60 percent between 1982 and 1994, especially among children. Deaths from asthma increased more than 55 percent from 1979 to 1992. Scientists suspect that increased exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke, growing populations in polluted city centers, and new housing that is poorly ventilated contribute to the increase in asthma cases. Breathing Every cell in the human body requires oxygen to function, and the lungs make that oxygen available. With every breath we take, air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. After passing through the mouth and throat, air moves through the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, and then through the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea divides into two branches, called the right bronchus and the left bronchus, that connect directly to the lungs. Air continues through the bronchi, which divide into smaller and smaller air passages in the lungs, called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries. Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the blood—mainly carbon dioxide—diffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t... ...ng, may provoke hyperventilation, a rapid inhalation of oxygen that causes the airway to narrow. In asthmatics, hyperventilation often results in an attack. Many asthmatics are especially sensitive to physical exercise in cold weather. Research suggests that genetic factors may increase the risk of developing the disorder. Children with a family history of asthma are more likely to develop asthma than other children. Despite this apparent genetic link, many people without a family history of asthma develop the disorder, and scientists continue to investigate additional causes. Treatment Physicians typically diagnose asthma by looking for the classic symptoms: episodic problems with breathing that include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. When symptoms alone fail to establish a diagnosis of asthma, doctors may use spirometry, a test that measures airflow. By comparing a patient’s normal airflow, airflow during an attack, and airflow after the application of asthma medication, doctors determine whether the medicine improves the patient’s breathing problems. If asthma medication helps, doctors usually diagnose the condition as asthma. Bibliography www.scienceworld.com

Buddhism’s Impact on Classical China Essay

The popularity of Buddhism in China c. 220 CE was due to its positive reception in the large peasant class. However; emperors and aristocrats found themselves threatened by the relaxed Buddhist teachings that undermined the authority of the pro-Confucian government and weakened peasant work ethic. Although the anti-Buddhist opinions of high-ranking officials in the 3rd-6th centuries of China should be taken into consideration, a peasant-written document highlighting the benefits of Buddhism in contrast to the defensive viewpoints taken by emperors and aristocrats would be helpful in analyzing the true extent of Buddhism’s popularity in China. Around 350 CE, a time of instability in China, peasants found comfort in the teachings of Buddhism, which unlike Confucianism offered an afterlife the threatened peasants could look forward to. This led to many conversions from Confucianism to Buddhism, which worried rulers; a loss of popular belief in the state-backed religion could potentially undermine the government and result in a loss of power for many bureaucrats. Han Yu, a court official in 819 CE, refers to the spread of this wicked â€Å"cult† from India and repeatedly presses that Buddhism be eradicated in China (Doc 4). The Tang emperor Wu, writing during roughly the same period, (845 CE), mirrors the opinion of Han Yu. He speaks of Buddhism negatively, citing the lax work ethic of Buddhists, and like Han Yu, he calls for the uprooting of Buddhism from China (Doc 6). However; behind both these officials’ vehement words is a fear that the popularization of Buddhism would alter the government structure, which would cause loss of their status. They wrote their edicts to change the minds of peasants who were considering converting to this â€Å"cult† because perhaps if they convinced enough to remain Confucian, they would keep their high-ranking positions. Buddhism gained much of its popularity during the tumultuous era from 350-570 CE. This is when pro-Buddhist scholars began appearing in greater numbers. One such scholar, Zhi Dun, identified Buddhism as a means of getting through trying times. Around 350 CE, the beginning of the unstable  period, Zhi wrote a letter describing the wonder of the afterlife promised by Buddha. He wrote this to comfort the thousands of fearful and spiritually deprived Confucian Chinese, who lacked belief in an afterlife. Their death was a growing possibility, because they were being slaughtered by invading Mongols. Zhi wished to inform them of the alternative afterlife promised through Buddhism; â€Å"Nirvana† (Doc 2). The same teachings Zhi was addressing to the Chinese peasantry had already been spoke by the Buddha himself to the Indian people many centuries before c. 563 BCE. The first sermon Buddha gave spoke of Noble Truths, which could stop sorrow and craving (Doc 1). One can see why these ideas, embodied by Buddhism would be popular among a poor Chinese peasantry, just as they had been in India. Although the general impression from Chinese officials and scholars towards Buddhism is negative, there were a few discrepancies; Chinese scholars who favored Buddha’s teachings. A Chinese scholar wrote positively in 500 CE of the Buddha in comparison to Confucius, stating â€Å"To compare the sages to the Buddha would be like comparing a white deer to a unicorn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc 3). Moreover, around 800 CE, after the period of instability, a scholar favored by the Tang imperial household wrote an essay on the nature of man, stating boldly that â€Å"Confucius, Laozi, and the Buddha were all perfect sages,† (Doc 5). This document highlights that once the era of instability had passed and Confucianism was again the dominant religion, rulers and their court scholars could evaluate Buddhism as a religion without fearful prejudice. In conclusion, historically, the spread of Buddhism into China was regarded negatively by the ruling, high-ranking, and aristocratic class. China was inundated with anti-Buddhist propaganda (shown by the documents) in response to the popularity among the majority of the peasantry, which made up the bulk of the Chinese population. This propaganda was typically anti-Buddhist because it was the upper/literate class who was writing it; consequently it was slanted towards their own negative views on Buddhism. A document written by a very poor or peasant scholar regarding their view of Buddhism would create a more complete picture of how it was really received in China.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

1. In 1932, voters still had not seen any improvement, and wanted a new president. President Herbert Hoover was nominated again by the Republicans and he campaigned saying that his policies prevented the Great Depression from being worse than it was. The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a tall, handsome man who was the fifth cousin of famous Theodore Roosevelt and had followed in his footsteps. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was suave and conciliatory and was stricken with polio in 1921. During this time, his wife, Eleanor, became his political partner and she influenced the policies of the national government. Roosevelt’s political appeal was great for he utilized his charm in private conversations and also relieved human suffering. He believed that money rather than humanity was expendable. Many Democrats speedily nominated Roosevelt. In the campaign of 1932, Franklin Roosevelt preached his New Deal to voters and Hoover lost votes. Roosevelt became president by an overwhelming defeat. 2. The early New Deal pursued the three R’s of relief recovery and reform by passing much legislation at this time. The first â€Å"R† called relief was accomplished by the passing of the Unemployment Relief Act which created the Civilian Conservation Corps, the passing of the Federal Emergency Relief Act which created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the passing of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and the Home Owner’s Refinancing Act. All these legislations were for immediate recovery and relief. The second â€Å"R† called recovery was accomplished in ways such as passing of the Emergency Banking Relief Act, the surrendering of gold and abandoning the gold standard. The last â€Å"R† called reform was pursued by the passing of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, the Federal Securities Act, the Beer and Wine Revenue Act, and the Glass- Steagall Banking Reform that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 3. Unemployment in America increased and there needed remedial action quickly and the New Deal had a great effect on labor and labor organizations. The Civilian Conservation Corps was the most popular of the New Deal and this law provided employment for millions of men. Their work included reforestation fire fighting, flood control and swamp drainage. The actual first major effort of the new Congress to grapple with the unemployed adults was the Federal Emergency Relief Act which three billion dollars were granted to the states for direct dole payments or preferably for wages on work projects. Also, labor under the National Recovery Administration granted additional benefits. Workers were formally guaranteed the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. Also there were maximum hours of labor and minimum wages. 4. To help the farmers, which had been suffering ever since the end of World War I, Congress established the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which paid farmers to reduce their crop acreage and would eliminate price-depressing surpluses. However, it got off to a rocky start when it killed lots of pigs for not good reason, and paying farmers not to farm actually increased unemployment. The Supreme Court killed it in 1936. The New Deal Congress hastened to pass the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936, which paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants like soybeans or to let their land lie fallow. The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 was a more comprehensive substitute that continued conservation payments but was accepted by the Supreme Court. 5. Franklin Roosevelt controlled Congress, but the Supreme Court kept on blocking his programs, so he proposed a shocking plan that would add a member to the Supreme Court for every existing member over the age of 70, for a maximum possible total of 15 total members. For once, Congress voted against him because it did not want to lose its power. Roosevelt was ripped for trying to be a dictator. FDR’s â€Å"court-packing scheme† failed, but he did get some of the justices to start to vote his way. However, his failure of the court-packing scheme also showed how Americans still did not wish to tamper with the sacred justice system. 6. The New Deal Coalition is a political coalition, which was created by Franklin Roosevelt in the 1930s. It included Democratic Party organizations, big city machines, labor unions, minorities (racial, ethnic and religious, especially Blacks, Catholics and Jews), liberal farm groups, intellectuals, the Mountain West, and the white South. It was opposed by the Conservative Coalition of northern Republicans and southern Democrats. The New Deal Coalition dominated presidential elections in 1932 and lost control of Congress in 1937. The coalition fell apart after 1966 but it remains the model that Democratic Party activists seek to replicate. The coalition brought together liberal interest groups and voting blocks that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until approximately 1966, which made the Democratic Party the majority party during the Fifth Party System. 7. There were many changes of the New Deal such as the â€Å"AAA† and NRA were replaced by other legislations because these legislations were unconstitutional. These legislations were replaced by the second Agricultural Adjustment Act and the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act. A Second New Deal in 1934-36 included the Wagner Act to promote labor unions, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program, the Social Security Act, and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers. The final major items of New Deal legislation were the creation of the United States Housing Authority and Farm Security Administration, both in 1937, then the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set maximum hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers. No other twentieth century president enjoyed the levels of popular admiration that Franklin D. Roosevelt did during his twelve years in office but the policies of his administration inevitably aroused opposition. The evolution of Roosevelt’s New Deal cannot be understood apart from the opposition that it aroused. In some cases Roosevelt skillfully borrowed ideas from his opponents and co-opted their followers. Some land mark legislation of the New Deal was the product of just such tactics. But eventually a coalition of conservative opponents emerged and systematically curtailed the most ambitious plans of the New Deal. By early 1935, the New Deal legislation of the previous two years had aroused growing voices of criticism on the left and right of the political spectrum, and by several important Supreme Court rulings. Persisting severe economic difficulties fueled the rise of powerful political leaders who offered immediate solutions to the nation’s economic problems. 8. Foes of the New Deal condemned its alleged waste, incompetence, confusion, contradictions and cross-purposes. Critics deplored the employment â€Å"crackpot† professors, leftist â€Å"pinkos† and out right Communists. Business people accused Roosevelt of confusing noise and movement with progress. Bureaucratic meddling and regimentation were also bitter complaints of the anti-New Dealers. Promises of budget balancing to say nothing of other promises had flown out the window and national debt skyrocketed. Critics accused the New Deal of fomenting class strife. New Dealers defended their record. They admitted that there was waste but they pointed out that relief had been the primary object of their multifront war on the depression. They also argued that it had been trivial in view of the immense sums spent and the obvious need for haste. They also declared that the New Deal had relieved the worst of the crisis in 1933. It promoted the philosophy of balancing the human budget. The collapse of America’s economy system was averted, a fairer distribution of the national income was achieved and the citizens were enabled to regain and retain their self respect.

Essay on Depreciation Methods

Memorandum To: From: Subject: Depreciation Value of your Special Purpose Machine Date: Congratulations on your purchase of this special purpose machine. With every purchase of a new machinery comes the depreciation value of the machine. In order to report the value of this machine, we first must figure out the total amount paid for your machine. It says here you purchased the machine for an invoice price of $1,200,000 and the freight cost was $6000 and the cost for installation was $64000.We would add all that up and get a total machine cost of $1,270,000. There are 3 types of depreciation methods we can use to figure out the annual depreciation value of your machine: Straight Line Method, Units of productions Method, and Double Declining Method. The Straight Line Method is plain and simple. This will tell us what to report at the end of every year for the depreciation value of your machine. First we would take the cost of the machine minus the salvage value divided by the useful lif e of the machine.I believe the salvage value would be the use of the machine in that year. For example: the total cost of machine is 1270000-200000/5=214000: 200000 would be the salvage life and 5 would be the useful life of the machine and 214000 would be our depreciation value for the year. So after the first year of use the book value of the machine would be 1270000-214000=1056000. Every year we would subtract 214000 from the previous book value. The Units of Productions Method is a little more complicated.This will tell us the estimate depreciation value of the machine. First we would take the cost of the machine minus estimated salvage value divided by the predicted units of production that your machine would produce and we would get a cost per unit (depreciable). After we get the cost per unit (CPU), we would multiply it by the units produced in the period and we will get the depreciation for the period, also in the last year of the useful life of the machinery we would deprec iate to the estimated salvage value and never depreciate below the value.For example: the cost of the machine is 1270000 minus the salvage 200000 divided by the expected units that your machine would produce in its useful life which is 1000000. 1270000-200000/1000000 = $1. 07 per unit, this would be the cost per unit. Let’s say your machine will produce 200000 in its first year, so we would take the depreciation per unit multiply the number of units produced in the period, 1. 07Ãâ€"200000=214000. 214000 would be the depreciation expense for the first year and we would minus that from the beginning book value of the machine.If the machine produced 250000 the next year, we would go thru the same process again but this time we would subtract the depreciation value from the previous year book value and not the beginning book value. The Double Declining Method is the last method we would use to figure of the depreciation value of the machine. First we need to figure the straight- line rate and in order to do that we need the percent life of the machine and the useful life of the machine.We would divide each other and come up with the Straight-line rate. For example: 100% divided by 5 years equals 20% that the machine would depreciate very year if we should the straight-line rate. Second step we would double that rate, 20% x 2 = 40%. 40% would be the double declining balance rate (ddb). The final step we take the double declining balance rate multiply by the beginning period book value. For example: 40%x1270000=508000. 08000 would be the first year depreciation expense. The book value at the end of the first year would be 1270000-580000=762000. The next year we would take 40% of 762000 and come up with the depreciation expense for that year. In its final year of useful life the machine would never depreciate below the estimated salvage value and we would just have to adjust our books. Mr. Abella, now you know how to depreciate the value of your machine. Once again I congratulate you on your purchase.

Summary – Automotive Supply Synchronization

Operations Management â€Å"Automotive Supply Chain Synchronization† Summary The article, â€Å"Automotive Supply Chain Synchronization† by Matthias Berlit, Ulrich Dorndorf, and Hans Jurgen Zimmerman, discussed the importance of logistics planning in the management of automotive supply chains, and namely the role the transport management system SynroTESS played in the optimization of supply chains for Audi and Volkswagen (VW) Mexico.The article began by explaining that the unregulated inbound, internal and outbound movements within a given automotive supply chain were not only inefficient, but also led to significant wasted time evidenced by the queuing of vehicles and the congestion that results from waiting. The authors argued that this waste of resources could be overcome by the proper synchronization of movements with the use of a computer program called SyncroTESS. SyncroTESS was developed by a German IT company called INFORM and was described as a system that â₠¬Å"intelligently synchronizes time-critical transport operations. The system is immensely capable of optimizing operations like the allocation of material handling resources within a plant to scheduling the trucks used for internal and inter-factory movements. The authors then went on to provide two case studies in which SyncroTESS was able to successfully optimize the synchronization of auto supply chains for Audi and VW Mexico. The first case study involved the Audi Ingolstadt production facility in Germany. The Ingolstadt factory is Audi’s largest production facility and produces roughly 850 built to order cars from its assembly lines daily.As we learned from the Marshall Fisher Harvard Business Review article â€Å"What is the right supply chain for your product,† these built to order vehicles are considered an innovative product must employ a market responsive supply chain to meet it’s demand properly. In order to optimize this sort of supply chain, the Syn croTESS system manages â€Å"the internal material flow† of at least 3 days worth of stock, â€Å"optimizes the execution of 60,000 internal transport orders per day,† including â€Å"up to 3,000 stock-in and 4,000 stock-out movement per day† and â€Å"the flow and transport of materials from the parts warehouse to the assembly line. As of 2006, the SyncroTESS system has been fully integrated into Audi’s IT system and is still currently in use. In fact, SyncroTESS’s responsibilities have been expanded to include the scheduling of about 500 inbound truck movements a day. The second case study showcased the impact of the SyncroTESS system in the optimization of controlling finished auto inventory in the yards of VW Mexico. The vehicle yards in Mexico distribute about 350,000 vehicles to dealers worldwide yearly.The inventory is specifically tailored to store 2 types of production vehicles; built to order, hence innovative products, for the European market and built to stock, otherwise known as functional products, for the Mexican and North American markets. Although VW Mexico was dealing with essentially two types of products, the fact that these products were already completed and ready for shipment, this case study focused on SyncroTESS’s ability to handle an efficient supply chain for otherwise functional products.VW Mexico successfully implemented the optimization of its supply chain by marrying the SyncroTESS transport management system with VW’s proprietary TOMCADS system. This action allowed VW to rely on a single all encompassing logistical operation system and eliminated the confusion created from the use of the 3rd party logistic providers (3PLs) of the past. SyncroTESS and TOMCADS worked in concert through a process called â€Å"intelligent yard management. VW’s TOMCADS system would inform SyncroTESS of a vehicle’s impending arrival. At that time, the car would be inspected and â€Å"in the event of any defects† the car would be â€Å"returned to production and SyncroTESS (would) re-plan the car’s route allowing for repairs. † Otherwise, the synchronization system would work to optimize the flow of the vehicle inventory from each yard in great detail; from the flow of each vehicle within specific yards, to the order in which vehicle would be loaded as cargo to reduce wasted movement.The successful impact of the synchronization of transport management systems was made evident when Bjorn Beckmann, head of Logistics Planning group at VW Mexico, explained that, â€Å"As a result of the (now) large number of cars leaving and entering our operations, most cars do not remain longer than 1. 5 days in the yards. † This lower lead-time in delivering the finished inventory is beneficial to both responsive and efficient supply chains, satisfying the demand of both types of production vehicles. The authors would then go on to describe how SyncroTESS has evolved to nclude GPS technology to further track the movement of inventory in real time. The full integration of the logistical system has allowed VW Mexico to create a more complete picture of its inventory flow. In fact, In addition to Audi and VW, BMW and Daimler have also adopted synchronization technology to optimize the execution of their supply chain with a typical â€Å"break-even period of two years. † The conclusion drawn from the authors essentially reinforced Fisher’s stance that the implementation of the proper supply chain for a given product, despite the cost, is ultimately more beneficial to a company than focusing on cost alone.